Colonial American Slavery Essay examples - 1458 Words

The study of slavery in the development of early America is an extremely complex, yet vitally important part of American History. There are hundreds of thousands of documents, debates, and historical studies available today. According to Ms. Goetz, the assistant professor of history at Rice University, who states, in The Southern Journal of History, that in addition to geographic and chronological diversity in the America’s, assessment of experiences of colonial slaves is extremely complex, â€Å"especially in the context of three European colonial powers, vigorous Indian groups, and free and enslaved blacks†(Goetz, 599). In studying the institution of slavery, careful investigation and analysis of the developing colonies, including their†¦show more content†¦Aside from the Spanish, who demanded direct control of Native American’s, Europeans quickly established trade relationships with Natives which consisted of manufactured goods for furs and labor. The customs of natives included many oral traditions used to pass on religion and ancestry, leaving much of their experience undocumented. Conflict between Native Americans and colonists resulted shortly after European settlement due to cultural differences and misunderstandings of tradition. One major misunderstanding between Indians and colonists was their different ideologies of slavery. For example, tribal practices of slavery are known to have existed prior to European contact, but the nature of the term differed greatly between the two cultures in contact. Natives used slavery among tribes in forms of religious tradition and ritual, as well as for criminal punishment and peace gestures. Not being economically inspired because of their very recent discovery of agriculture allowing subsistence farming, â€Å"Indians did not buy and sell captives in the pre-colonial era, although they sometimes exchanged enslaved Indians with other tribes in peace gestures or in exchange for their own members† (Seybert). Through their friendly trade relations, Europeans quickly introduced the idea of slaves as a commodity, along with an international market for labor to newly developed plantation economies, eventuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Rise of the Anti-Slavery Movement in the US Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of America, the struggle between white and black Americans is by the far the most complex and long standing issue. Beginning with first contact between white Europeans and Africans during the English colonial period, Africans were immediately labeled with terms including savage and heathen. During the Antebellum period, institution of chattel slavery in America certain ideas of what the black man’s role in society became widely known and accepted. Stereotype such as the SamboRead MoreThe Differences Between The Spanish And Colonial Economic System, And The Colonial State And Church Essay1209 Words   |  5 Pages do you believ e the previous statement to be true? Be sure to write about the colonial social structure, the colonial economic system, and the colonial state and church. Also, include bible verses to support your argument. Be sure to include two additional sources to support your claim. Honors please have four sources. WH 10 Ch. 17 Essay In the sixteenth century, both Spain and Portugal established enormous colonial empires around the world. Spain ruled most of South America and parts of CentralRead MoreThe History of African Americans: Slavery Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of African-Americans has been a paradox of incredible triumph in the face of tremendous human tragedy. African-American persons were shown much discrimination and were treated as second class citizens in the colonies during the development of the nation. The first set men, women, and children to work in the colonies were indentured servants, meaning they were only required to work for a set amount of years before they received their freedom. Then, in 1619 the first black AfricansRead MoreAmerican Slavery American Freedom By Edmond S. Morgan1196 Words   |  5 PagesIn his book, American Slavery American Freedom, the author Edmond S. Morgan informs us of the two strange births of American slavery and American freedom in the n ew colonial Virginia. In this read, we saw how the new colonial Virginia experience creates a strange enigma of early colonial freedom and slavery and how the growth of the two develops hand in hand. The title alone has the reader presuming the reading is focused primarily on American slavery, but to the contrary, it is not. In defenseRead MoreColonization Of The United States1097 Words   |  5 Pageschattel slavery, and globalization are the things that have truly shaped the United States. The first 13 colonies were founded upon the basis of settler colonialism, the growth of the nation was enabled by chattel slavery, and the rise of the country as a world power was brought about by Globalization. Despite all of this, one must take into consideration the repercussions of such rapid development. Globalization connected the US to other nations and allowed Settler Colonialism and Chattel Slavery toRead More The Origins of Chattel Slavery in Colonial North America Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesThe Origins of Chattel Slavery in Colonial North America There have been many illuminating studies in the field of the origins of chattel slavery in Colonial North America. Alpert, 1970; Edmondson, 1976; Jordan, 1962: Ruchames, 1967; Starr, 1973, wrote seminal studies that did much to bring insight to the subject. Goetz, 2009; Mason, 2006; Smaje, 2002; Neeganagwedgin, 2012, presented evidence that have either reexamined old questions or used new methods and approaches to ask news questionsRead MoreMill Creek Entertainment Has Created The Film Series Up1160 Words   |  5 PagesMill Creek Entertainment has created the film series Up From Slavery which accounts the events of the Mid-Atlantic slave trade and the struggles of African slaves and their resistance of the institution. The episode 18th Century Colonial America and Slavery of the series specifically details the lives of North American slaves. Out of the 12 million slaves taken from Africa, only 500,000 came to North America. With government legislation insisting that every child o f a female slave becomes a slaveRead MoreSlavery in American Society: Impact and Evolution Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery in American Society: Impact and evolution Slavery in American Society The controversies surrounding slavery have been established in many societies worldwide for centuries. In past generations, although slavery did exists and was tolerated, it was certainly very questionable,† ethicallyâ€Å". Today, the morality of such an act would not only be unimaginable, but would also be morally wrong. As things change over the course of history we seek to not only explain why things happen, butRead MoreSlavery Of Americ Past And Present1441 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery in America: Past and Present The significance of slavery and the slave trade in the 19th century was an economic engine driving colonial America. The Atlantic slave convey and their labors touched all corners of the world. Its complex existence greatly impacted social views, politics and many industries in colonial America, these effects would transcend that era. Frankly, its shadowy existence is still part of America today. This controversial part of America’s history is often unspokenRead MoreRacism - A History : The Color Of Money1063 Words   |  5 Pagesslave trade of Africans. It underscores how economics served as the driving force behind slavery. The documentary highlights that although slavery existed for several centuries prior to the slave trade, the concept of racism is rooted in the enslavement and exploitation of Africans for labor and capital gain. The documentary describes how the British’s development of the transatlantic slave trade for colonial America served as the catalyst f or racism, not the reverse. As Professor James Walvin, Professor

Modern English Literature - 3556 Words

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE * Formal/Stylistic characteristics Juxtaposition, irony, comparisons, and satire are important elements found in modernist writing. Modernist authors use impressionism and other devices to emphasize the subjectivity of reality, and they see omniscient narration and fixed narrative points of view as providing a false sense of objectivity. They also employ discontinuous narratives and fragmented plot structures.]Modernist works are also often reflexive and draw attention to their own role as creator. Juxtaposition is used for example in a way to represent something that would be oftentimes unseen, for example, a cat and a mouse as best friends. Irony and satire are important tools used by the†¦show more content†¦Throughout his career, Yeats found occult research a rich source of images for his poetry, and traces of his esoteric interests appear everywhere in his poems. WRITERS AFTER THE WORLD WARS * WILLIAM SOMERSET MAUGHAM(1874-1965) focused on the alienation and despair of drifters. His Of Human Bondage portrays Philip Carey struggling against self-consciousness and embarrassment because of his cub-foot. * D.H. LAWRENCE(1885-1930) explored highly psychological themes as human desire, sexuality and instinct alongside the dehumanizing effects of modernity and industrialization in such great novels as Sons and Lovers, Women in Love, The Plumed Serpent, and Lady Chatterley’s Lover. * JAMES JOYCE(1882-1941) was an Irish expatnate noted for his experimental use of the interior monologue and the stream of consciousness technique in landmark novels as Ulysses, Finnegans Wake, and in his semi-autobiographical novel The Portrait of the Artist as a Young man. * VIRGINIA WOOLF(1882-1941) also believed that reality, or consciousness is a stream. Life, for both readers and characters, is immersion in the flow of that stream. Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse are among her best works. * ALDOUS HUXLEY(1894-1963) wrote Point Counter Point, Brave New World, and After Many a Summer Dies the Swan where he showed his cynicism of theShow MoreRelatedSamuel Johnson: The Lexicographer1350 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen an extraordinary lexicographer too. He published his two- volume Dictionary on 15 April 1755, â€Å"The Dictionary of the English Language†. This Dictionary has also been at times published as Johnson’s Dictionary. Robert Burchfield the modern lexicographer commented on Johnson’s Dictionary: In the whole tradition of English Language and literature the only dictionary compiled by a writer of the first rank is that of Dr. Johnson Samuel Johnson the premierRead MoreLanguage, And A Better Understanding1251 Words   |  6 PagesKevin Yousif Mr. Brown AP English Language and Composition 17 November 2015 Language, and a Better Understanding Language is a topic that will never cease to adapt, from slang being developed in suburbs of urban cities, to new additions to the Oxford dictionary. We, students of English, use different concepts of language almost everyday and most of the time we don’t even realize it. To get a better understanding of the English language and concepts developed within it, one would turn to look at theRead MoreHistory of the English Language1655 Words   |  7 Pages History of the English Language [47 words] This ever so changing, perpetually adapting and complex language that is English grew as large as it is today for a variety of reasons; all of which will be explained in this disquisition, point-by-point, following the three grand evolution periods of the language (Old, Middle and Modern English). Read MoreHow Texting Has Brought Upon The Modern English Language944 Words   |  4 Pagesaddress issues in direct contradiction to John Humphrys article â€Å" I h8t txt msgs: How texting is wrecking our language†, which sought to bring to focus the havoc that texting has brought upon the modern English language. Pointing out that, while texting has been a change largely impactful on the English language it poses no threat and should not be considered as such. Using examples throughout history to prove that abbreviations in word and language is something that has been used for centuries.Read MoreStandardization of the English Language1785 Words   |  8 PagesStandardization of the English Language There are several important events before 1500 that when listed together show a series of steps in the struggle for English language supremacy. These steps are mainly governmental, legal and official events that pushed English usage. In 1356 The Sheriffs Court in London and Middlesex were conducted in English for the first time. When Parliament opened in 1362 the Statute of Pleading was issued declaring English as a language of the courts as well as of ParliamentRead More Waste Land Essay: Eliots Use of Different Speakers681 Words   |  3 PagesEliots Use of Different Speakers in The Waste Land      Ã‚  Different speakers in The Waste Land mirror the disjointedness of modern experience by presenting different viewpoints that the reader is forced to put together for himself. This is similar to the disassociation in modern life in that life has ceased to be a unified whole: various aspects of 20th-century life -- various academic disciplines, theory and practice, Church and State, and Eliots disassociation of sensibilities, or separationRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth and John Keats Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The World is too much with us†; from Keats I’ve chosen his â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and his â€Å"Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art†. William Wordsworth was born on April 7, 1770 in Cockermouth, Cumberland in a lake district of modern England. Growing up in the Lake District Wordsworth discovered his love for nature and at the age of seventeen he revealed himself as a writer. After achieving his Bachelor’s degree in Arts from Cambridge University he began travelingRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth and T.S. Eliot814 Words   |  4 Pagestakes to be the ideal poet. The Romantic Period was a time of revolution in England because of the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution, and what reviewer Francis Jeffrey called â€Å"the revolution of our literature.† Percy Shelley stated in his â€Å"Defense of Poetry† that the literature of that period had â€Å"risen as it were from a new birth†, while William Hazlitt â€Å"maintained that the new poetry of the school of Wordsworth ‘had its origin in the French Revolution.’† (Stillinger and Lynch 5-6) ThisRead MoreEmily Bronte s Hamlet And Wuthering Heights 1307 Words   |  6 Pagesaction of hurting or harming someone in return for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands.† Revenge in Literature The theme of revenge was introduced as a new genre in English theater in the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean eras. The revenge tragedy was founded on the Elizabethan stage with Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy in 1587. This play created the revenge theme in English literature. Then William Shakespeare, influenced by Thomas Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy, wrote his tragedy, Hamlet (betweenRead MoreElizabethan Era11072 Words   |  45 PagesThe Elizabethan Age is the time period associated with the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603) and is often considered to be a golden age in English history. It was an age considered to be the height of the English Renaissance, and saw the full flowering of English literature and English poetry. In Elizabethan theater, William Shakespeare, among others, composed and staged plays in a variety of settings that broke away from Englands past style of plays. It was an age of expansion and exploration

The Lymphatic System free essay sample

The immune system and the lymphatic system help each other out (Kent, 2000).The lymphatic system is made up of two semi-independent parts; a network of lymphatic vessels and many lymphoid tissues and organs within the body (Kent, 2000).The lymphatic system is a filter and drainage system that controls the fluid balance within the body (Kent, 2000).During blood circulation, blood plasma seeps into tissue by means of the thin capillary walls (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2017). We will write a custom essay sample on The Lymphatic System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Blood plasma that escapes is referred to as interstitial or extracellular fluid. This fluid carries all the nutrients needed by tissue cells and removes waste product (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2017). The walls of the capillaries are selectively permeable to many components of the blood plasma such as glucose and mineral ions (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2017). These nutrients in the tissue are low in concentration and diffuse from the plasma (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2017). Any of this fluid that’s left behind is removed from the tissue by the lymphatic vessels and returned into the blood (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2017). Not all fluid returns to the blood capillaries though some enters the lymph capillaries (Kent, 2000).Molecules that are too big to pass through the lymph capillaries have the ability to enter the lymph system at tiny valves in their walls (Kent, 2000). The movement of liquid is done by compression caused by body movement and backflow is stopped by valves (Kent, 2000).Whereas the lymphoid organs accommodate phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, they have a vital job in the bodies defence mechanisms and resistance to disease. (Kent 2000).Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are produced by the lymphatic system in the lymph nodes they help defend the body from infection by engulfing and secreting antibodies to destroying the foreign particles (Kent, 2000).The lymphatic system is split into two; the primary lymphoid organs, this is where B and T cell maturation occurs, and the secondary lymphoid organs, these additionally differentiate the lymphocytes (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2017).

Social psychology free essay sample

The study of the manner in which the personality, attitudes, motivations, and behavior of the individual influence and are influenced by social groups http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/social%20psychology According to psychologist  Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings (1985). Social psychology looks at a wide range of social topics, including group behavior, social perception,  leadership, nonverbal behavior, conformity, aggression and  prejudice. It is important to note that social psychology is not just about looking at social influences. Social perception and social interaction are also vital to understanding social behavior. Brief History of Social Psychology While Plato referred to the idea of the crowd mind and concepts such as social loafing and social facilitation were introduced in the late-1800s, it wasnt until after World War II that research on social psychology began in earnest. We will write a custom essay sample on Social psychology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The horrors of the Holocaust led researchers to study the effects of social influence,  conformity  and  obedience. The U. S. government also became interested in applying social psychological concepts to influencing citizens. Social psychology has continued to grow throughout the twentieth century, inspiring research that has contributed to our understanding of social experience and behavior. How Is Social Psychology Different From Other Disciplines? It is important to understand how social psychology differs from other disciplines. Social psychology is often confused with folk wisdom,  personality psychology  and sociology. What makes social psychology different? Unlike folk wisdom, which relies on anecdotal observations and subjective interpretation, social psychology employs scientific methods and the empirical study of social phenomena. While personality psychology focuses on individual traits, characteristics and thoughts, social psychology is focused on situations. Social psychologists are interested in the impact that the social environment and group interactions have on  attitudes  and behaviors. Finally, it is important to distinguish between social psychology and sociology. While there are many similarities between the two, sociology tends to looks at social behavior and influences at a very broad-based level. Sociologists are interested in the institutions and cultures that influence how people behave. Psychologists instead focus on situational variables that affect social behavior. While psychology and sociology both study similar topics, they are looking at these topics from different perspectives. http://psychology. about. com/od/socialpsychology/f/socialpsych. htm By  Kendra Cherry, About. com Guide Sociocultural Perspective Stresses the importance of social norms and culture. Proposes that children learn behavior through problem-solving interactions with other children and adults. Through these interactions, they learn the values and norms of their society. Evolutionary Perspective Argues that social behaviors developed through genetics and inheritance. Emphasizes the role of biology and gene transmission across generations to explain current behavior. Social Learning Perspective Stresses the importance of unique experiences in family, school, community, etc. According to this viewpoint, we learn behaviors through observing and mimicking the behavior of others. Social-Cognitive Perspective Supports an information processing model of social behavior, where we notice, interpret, and judge the behavior of others. New experiences can either be  assimilated  (using already held beliefs to interpret the event), or  accommodated  (which involves changing existing beliefs in response to the event. ) By understanding how information is processed, we can better understand how patterns of thoughts impact behavior. http://psychology. about. com/od/socialpsychology/f/socpersp. htm By  Kendra Cherry, About. com Guide PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY Defining Personality: Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. Personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. Theories of Personality: A number of different theories have emerged to explain different aspects of personality. Some theories focus on explaining how personality develops while others are concerned with individual differences in personality. The following are just a few of the major theories of personality proposed by different psychologists: http://psychology. about. com/od/personalitydevelopment/p/personality.  htm By  Kendra Cherry, About. com Guide Almost everyday we describe and assess the personalities of the people around us. Whether we realize it or not, these daily musings on how and why people behave as they do are similar to what personality psychologists do. While our informal assessments of personality tend to focus more on individuals, personality psychologist s instead use conceptions of personality that can apply to everyone. Personality research has led to the development of a number of theories that help explain how and why certain personality traits develop. Components of Personality While there are many different theories of personality, the first step is to understand exactly what is meant by the term  personality. A brief definition would be that personality is made up of the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that make a person unique. In addition to this, personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. Some of the fundamental characteristics of personality include: Consistency   There is generally a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. Essentially, people act in the same ways or similar ways in a variety of situations. Psychological and physiological   Personality is a psychological construct, but research suggests that it is also influenced by biological processes and needs. It impacts behaviors and actions   Personality does not just influence how we move and respond in our environment; it also  causes  us to act in certain ways. Multiple expressions   Personality is displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in our thoughts, feelings, close relationships and other social interactions. http://psychology. about. com/od/overviewofpersonality/a/persondef. htm By  Kendra Cherry, About. com Guide

Chickens by Barbara Clarke essays

Chicken's by Barbara Clarke essays In the story Chickens by Barbara Clarke there are many themes including jealousy, abuse, relationships and depression. As the reader I think that the main theme of this story is depression. In this essay I will show in detail how the writer has explored this theme in the text. The story is in the first person narrative and is about the thoughts and feelings of the narrator after she had killed her husband. As a child she was very unhappy at home, she was shouted at and sometimes sent to bed without her tea. She was also unhappy at school because she had a lot to be envious of, especially other girls in her class, they were picked up by their Mothers at home time. As an adult she started to work in a chicken factory where her job was to kill chickens, she did not enjoy her job because of this and also because of the way her boss treated her. She felt that her husband did not love or care for her, he had beaten her making her feel insignificant and unloved. With the story being in the first person narrative, this giving the story a confessional feel to it, the reader understands what the narrator thinks and feels about herself. Throughout this piece of text the narrator talks about her unhappy past. She compares her personality as a child to how she feels about herself as an adult, I was such a nice girl, wasnt that what they said. This quote shows that the narrator doesnt see herself as others see her, being a pleasant character. From her childhood she had been treated as worthless disappointment and had began to believe that she was. The reader acknowledges these feelings through the way she puts herself down. She seems to consider that her personal qualities are not worth anything. Didnt make a difference, didnt get me one of those nice jobs. She feels disappointed in herself and is very unhappy with the job she has. Although the narrator was a well-behaved girl it di...

Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous

Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous By Maeve Maddox A reader comments: I have seen and heard the word homogeneous  used to refer to a multiracial or multicultural society, whereas I would have used heterogeneous. Surely homogeneous  describes an â€Å"unmixed† group of people or things? Homogeneous is from a Greek word meaning â€Å"of the same kind.† It is often used in the context of describing a group of people who are all of one race, religion, ethnicity, or gender. For example, until 1932 when Hattie Caraway of Arkansas became the first woman to win election to the US Senate, that governing body was homogeneous in that it was made up entirely of men. The following examples illustrate this meaning of homogeneous: Pastors in the United States need to be intentional in making their congregations less homogeneous and more multi-ethnic, says the pastor of one of the fastest growing churches in the country. Countries in Europe and Northeast Asia tend to be the most homogenous [sic], sub-Saharan African nations the most diverse. Note: In the second example, the spelling homogenous is an error. The word spelled homogenous (without the second e) is used in biology with the meaning â€Å"having a common descent.† For example, â€Å"Any graft, either autogenous or homogenous, that is not immediately required can be stored for use at a later date.† Heterogeneous is from a Greek word meaning â€Å"of different kinds.† It may also be used to describe inanimate objects as well as groups of people: Now residents of highly educated, high income, racially mixed communities are often attracted to interethnic heterogeneous churches. Rubbish is composed of  a heterogeneous mixture  of discarded materials and is largely of  household origin. It is made up principally of paper, rags, wood, glass, crockery, bottles, tin cans, and numerous  other wastes.   The  melting pot  is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements melting together into a harmonious whole with a common culture.   The â€Å"melting pot† example offers a clue to the apparent contradiction that the reader has noticed in â€Å"the use of homogeneous  used to refer to a multiracial or multicultural society.† For example, a group might include a mix of different races, but be the same in some other respect: â€Å"Unlike state prisons, which almost exclusively hold people serving state sentences, jail populations are heterogeneous, making them particularly challenging to manage,† the report said. In this context, prisoners in a state prison are seen as a homogeneous group, in contrast to prisoners in a local jail. The prison inmates, whatever their race or gender, are homogeneous in that they are all there for the same reason: all are serving state sentences. What makes the jail inmates heterogeneous is not race or gender, but the fact that they have different reasons for being there. Perhaps the most controversial of all philosophical dilemmas concerning the structuring of people within the middle school is the homogeneous versus heterogeneous grouping debate. In this context, a â€Å"homogeneous grouping† would consist of children of similar abilities, whereas a â€Å"heterogeneous grouping† would include children of varying abilities. When lawmakers speak of the necessity to create â€Å"a homogeneous multiracial society,† their goal is a society in which race, ethnicity, and religion are of secondary importance to a sense of civic equality and consciousness of a shared culture. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?Predicate Complements

Supply chain management - Co op Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply chain management - Co op - Essay Example Recently, a food miles calculator has been developed in order to measure the distance traveled by the food products between production and consumption points (Food miles calculator). While discussing the food miles concept on the ground of a co-op supply chain management, it is necessary to understand the basic goal of such organisations. A co-op organisation aims to offer maximum benefits to its customers by emphasising on its pre-designed environmental and ethical notions. Hence, it is essential to examine whether the application of food miles would beneficial for the co-op organisations or not. This paper will critically analyse the pros and corns of incorporating the idea of food miles into the corporate strategy. It will also explore the most appropriate stance the co-op can adopt in order to improve its business operation. Benefits of adopting food miles Through the application of food miles in its corporate strategy, the co-op supermarket can offer improved levels of services to its customer as well as to different segments of the society. Globalisation has eliminated international trade barriers in order to maximise cross-border trade for international expansion. Hence, the world has been facilitated with effective circulation of ideas, languages, and cultural ideologies. Naturally, this trade liberalisation process has also intensified import and export of goods which are the central aspects of food miles. Globalisation has largely increased the scope of agricultural sector. It is obvious that large scale agricultural productions cannot be fully distributed in the domestic market; hence, it is crucial to export the food products to foreign markets where they have higher demands. This process would greatly assist the farmers to get improved prices for their products from outside markets. When farmers get better prices for their food products, more and more people would be attracted towards agriculture field and it would in turn mitigate the issues assoc iated with global food crisis. Similarly, higher rate of agricultural production would aid the economies to minimize unemployment rate which is a central factor in determining their economic growth rate. The increased export trade would also generate revenue for the governments. As discussed earlier, the main objective of a co-operative supermarket is to provide improved services to its customers. Since it is impossible to produce every type of vegetable, fruit, or other food product in a region, every co-op supermarket is forced to depend on import trade in order to offer every type of food product to its customers. In the words of Lovejoy (2001), the supply chain principles suggest to extend the firm’s services beyond the immediate supplier and customer. The concept of food miles assists the co-op supermarket to deliver varieties of fruits and vegetables to its consumers by getting access to a large group of potential suppliers. If the co-op supermarket stops the practice o f food miles, then consumers may search for other stores that would meet their requirements. Demerits of adopting food miles The environmental concern of food miles reflects the idea that when a food product travels larger distance from the production point to consumption, it involves greater consumption of energy and thereby increased emission of greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide absorb and emit infrared radiations which cause dreadful environmental issues such as green